Thyroid function tests are typically performed to determine whether the thyroid gland is functioning properly. This is mostly used to distinguish between an underactive thyroid gland (hypothyroidism) and an overactive thyroid (hyperthyroidism). However, it cannot detect any infections.
A thyroid check-up also helps to identify a number of thyroid-related problems. The tests measure the amount of different hormones, including thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), thyroxine (T4), and triiodothyronine (T3). Other tests may also be conducted for various antibodies related to thyroid tissue.
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Thyroid check-ups are crucial to assess the function of the thyroid. The levels of T4, T3, and TSH hormones must be measured. The thyroid is responsible for regulating the body's metabolism and maintaining proper functioning in key bodily systems such as breathing, heart rate, nervous system, menstrual cycle, temperature, and cholesterol levels.
Women and men over age 35 should be screened every five years for thyroid function. Women are more likely than men to have low thyroid hormone levels, but their symptoms are often mistaken for other conditions or simply attributed to aging.
If there are any symptoms of thyroid problems, the doctor will likely prescribe the basic three tests (TSH, T3, T4) to determine if there is an issue with thyroid function.
TSH, T3, and T4 levels can all be tested through blood tests. If the TSH test is abnormal, the doctor will usually follow up with T3 and T4 tests. Additionally, tests can be used to measure antibodies to diagnose autoimmune thyroid diseases.